
Cancer is a complex disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and metastatic dissemination of tumor cells. Six complementary capabilities and tumorigenic properties that are acquired during tumorigenesis and represent the hallmarks of cancer are sustained proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppressors, resistance to cell death/apoptosis, enabling of replicative immortality, induction of angiogenesis, and activation of invasion and metastasis.
1 These essential features define a multistep evolutionary process whereby normal cells progressively become cancerous, acquiring the capacity to proliferate, survive, invade, and disseminate.
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