News|Articles|April 28, 2026

DMC Recommends Halting Phase 3 Confirmatory Study of HyBryte in CTCL Due to Futility

Author(s)Chris Ryan
Fact checked by: Ashling Wahner
Listen
0:00 / 0:00

Key Takeaways

  • Futility at interim analysis led to early termination of FLASH2, which targeted week-18 response defined as ≥50% cumulative mCAILS improvement in 3–5 prospectively selected lesions.
  • Treatment consisted of twice-weekly topical HyBryte or placebo with lesions occluded, followed by visible-light activation 21±3 hours later; all lesions could be treated, but index lesions drove efficacy.
SHOW MORE

A data monitoring committee recommended halting the phase 3 FLASH2 trial investigating HyBryte in CTCL due to futility.

A data monitoring committee (DMC) has recommended halting the phase 3 FLASH2 trial (NCT06470451) due to futility following an interim efficacy analysis.1 The trial is evaluating synthetic hypericin (HyBryte) for the treatment of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).1,2

FLASH2 was designed as a confirmatory study for the evaluation of HyBryte in patients with CTCL following positive data from the phase 3 FLASH trial (NCT02448381).1,3 In February 2023, the FDA issued a refusal to file letter for a new drug application (NDA) seeking the approval of HyBryte for the treatment of patients with early-stage CTCL.4 The NDA was supported by data from FLASH, and the FDA—along with the European Medicines Agency (EMA)—indicated that a second successful phase 3 trial would be required to support potential approval.1

“We are obviously very disappointed with the unanticipated outcome of the study,” Christopher J. Schaber, PhD, president and chief executive officer of Soligenix, stated in a news release. “Despite the fact that HyBryte demonstrated statistically significant reductions in CTCL lesions after 6 weeks treatment in the first FLASH study, a similar signal was not observed with 18 weeks of treatment in [FLASH2]. Over the coming weeks, we will analyze the data to better determine why the study did not meet expectations. If there is any clarity gained from further analysis of the dataset, especially with respect to specific subsets of patients that may benefit from HyBryte therapy, then we intend to communicate our findings and explore follow-up discussions with the EMA and the US FDA.”

What data were previously reported from FLASH?

In the initial FLASH trial, patients with stage IA to IIA CTCL/mycosis fungoides were randomly assigned 2:1 to receive HyBryte or placebo, with treatment administered to 3 index lesions twice per week for 6 weeks during cycle 1.3 In cycle 2, all patients received HyBryte directed at index lesions for 6 weeks. In the optional third cycle, HyBryte was targeted at index and additional lesions for 6 weeks.

Interim Analysis of FLASH2: HyBryte in Early-Stage CTCL

  • A DMC recommended the phase 3 FLASH2 trial be halted for futility following an interim analysis.
  • The study evaluated HyBryte vs placebo in the treatment of patients with stage IA to IIA CTCL.
  • Further analyses will inform next steps for the evaluation of HyBryte in this patient population.

Findings from FLASH published in JAMA Dermatology showed that after cycle 1, patients treated with HyBryte (n = 116) experienced an index lesion response rate (ILRR) of 16% compared with 4% for patients given placebo (n = 50; P = .04). After cycle 2, patients given HyBryte in both cycles experienced an ILRR of 40%, and the ILRR was 49% after cycle 3 among patients who received the experimental therapy for all 3 cycles.

How was FLASH2 conducted?

FLASH2 was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that enrolled patients at least 18 years of age with stage IA, IB, or IIA CTCL who had a minimum of 3 evaluable, discrete lesions.2

Patients were randomly assigned to received 18 weeks of HyBryte or placebo. HyBryte or placebo was applied twice weekly, with treated lesions covered in opaque material, followed by the administration of visible light 21 hours later (± 3 hours). Although all lesions were eligible for treatment, 3 to 5 index lesions were prospectively identified and evaluated using modified Composite Assessment of Index Lesion Severity (mCAILS) criteria.

Response rate at week 18, defined as an improvement of at least 50% in cumulative mCAILS score, served as the trial’s primary end point. Secondary end points included patch lesion response rates and plaque lesion response rates.

Previously reported safety data from a DMC analysis of FLASH2 showed that HyBryte displayed an acceptable safety profile during the study.5

References

  1. Soligenix announces interim results from the phase 3 FLASH2 trial evaluating HyBryte in treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. News release. Soligenix. April 28, 2026. Accessed April 28, 2026. https://ir.soligenix.com/2026-04-28-Soligenix-Announces-Interim-Results-from-the-Phase-3-FLASH2-Trial-Evaluating-HyBryte-TM-in-Treatment-of-Cutaneous-T-Cell-Lymphoma
  2. Confirmatory study of topical HyBryte vs. placebo for the treatment of CTCL (FLASH2). ClinicalTrials.gov. Updated April 3, 2026. Accessed April 28, 2026. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06470451
  3. Kim EJ, Mangold AR, DeSimone JA, et al. Efficacy and safety of topical hypericin photodynamic therapy for early-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides): the FLASH phase 3 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2022;158(9):1031-1039. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.2749
  4. Soligenix receives refusal to file letter from US FDA for HyBryte new drug application in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. News release. Soligenix. February 14, 2023. Accessed April 28, 2026. https://ir.soligenix.com/2023-02-14-Soligenix-Receives-Refusal-to-File-Letter-from-U-S-FDA-for-HyBryte-TM-New-Drug-Application-in-the-Treatment-of-Cutaneous-T-Cell-Lymphoma
  5. Soligenix achieves important safety milestone in its confirmatory phase 3 clinical trial of HyBryte for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. News release. Soligenix. October 7, 2025. Accessed April 28, 2026. https://ir.soligenix.com/2025-10-07-Soligenix-Achieves-Important-Safety-Milestone-in-its-Confirmatory-Phase-3-Clinical-Trial-of-HyBryte-TM-for-the-Treatment-of-Cutaneous-T-Cell-Lymphoma

Latest CME