Vol. 24/No. 4

As artificial intelligence in cancer care continues to be better understood and refined, the number of potential clinical applications is rapidly expanding.

Novel treatment options are needed in neuroendocrine tumors, and advances in immunotherapy have not been optimized in this population.

Because a positive correlation has been shown between expression of PD-L1 and BRAF V600E mutations in CRC, several combination therapies with checkpoint inhibitors and targeted agents are currently being explored.

As carcinoembryonic antigen–related cell adhesion molecule 5 continues to show promise a target in patients with non–small cell lung cancer, refinements in testing and the understanding of the implications of its inhibition remain under investigation.

As targeted agents for various levels of HER2 expression have demonstrated dynamic interoperability and efficacy, the prognosis for HER2-positive disease has improved.

Successful manipulation of the immune system to achieve regression of cancer, long an unfulfilled goal of oncologic investigation, is an ever-increasing reality in multiple clinical settings.