Emerging Evidence for Erythroid Maturation Agents in Low-Risk MDS

Recent data presented at ASH have further clarified the evolving role of erythroid maturation agents in the management of lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Real-world evidence with luspatercept reinforces findings from pivotal trials, demonstrating sustained improvements in transfusion burden and hemoglobin levels across broader, more heterogeneous patient populations than those typically enrolled in clinical studies. These data provide reassurance regarding its effectiveness and tolerability in routine practice. In parallel, clinical trial updates with elritercept highlight its potential as a next-generation agent targeting ineffective erythropoiesis, with early signals of activity in patients with limited options after ESA failure. Together, these findings support a more nuanced, stepwise treatment approach in low-risk MDS, emphasizing individualized therapy selection based on disease characteristics, prior treatment exposure, and patient goals, while expanding the future therapeutic landscape.