Giuseppe Barbesino, MD, highlights the various types of thyroid cancers and comments on how their differences impact management.

Naifa L. Busaidy, MD, FACP, FACE, comments on risk factors associated with the subtypes of thyroid cancers.

Signs and symptoms of differentiated thyroid cancer and recommendations for establishing an accurate diagnosis.

The typical diagnostic work-up for patients with advanced differentiated thyroid cancer, the rationale for treating patients with radioactive iodine (RAI), and a definition of RAI-refractory disease.

Marcia Brose, MD, PhD, FASCO, and Maria E. Cabanillas, MD, compare the use of molecular testing for radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer at their institutions and highlight predictive and prognostic biomarkers.

Criteria used by endocrinologists/oncologists to establish goals of therapy for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, and recommendations for active surveillance.

The pros and cons of thyrotropin suppression as treatment for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.

Marcia Brose, MD, PhD, FASCO, explains how she counsels and monitors patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and indicators to initiate therapy.

Maria E. Cabanillas, MD, describes what triggers her to initiate therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer and variables that impact treatment choice.

An overview of the types of targeted drug classes available to treat differentiated thyroid cancer at various clinical stages.

Considerations regarding approaches to sequencing therapies for differentiated thyroid cancer.

The rationale for targeting actionable mutations in differentiated thyroid cancer with RET and NTRK inhibitors.

The role of BRAF inhibitors and checkpoint inhibitors in differentiated thyroid cancer, and potential considerations for using BRAF inhibition as redifferentiation therapy.

Naifa L. Busaidy, MD, FACP, FACE, recognizes the importance of reassessing patients prior to considering a second-line therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer.

An overview of therapies in the pipeline for differentiated thyroid cancer and their potential effect on clinical decision-making.