Rapid Readout: ZUMA‑7: Axicabtagene Ciloleucel versus Standard‑of‑Care Therapy in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Large B‐Cell Lymphoma

OncLive® Rapid Readout from Primary Analysis of ZUMA‑7: a Phase 3 Randomized Trial of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel versus Standard‑of‑Care Therapy in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Large B‐Cell Lymphoma

Segment Description: Frederick L. Locke, MD, discusses the results from the ZUMA-7 clinical trial that focused on axicabtagene ciloleucel, as presented at the 63rd ASH Annual Meeting in 2021. (Abstract 2)

Segment Body Content:

• The standard of care (SOC) treatment (Tx) in the curative setting for patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) after 1st‑line (1L) chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) is high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell rescue (HDT-ASCT) if responsive to 2L CIT; however, as many pts do not respond to or cannot tolerate 2L CIT, or are not intended for HDT-ASCT, outcomes remain poor.
• Axi‑cel is an autologous anti‑CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy approved for R/R LBCL after ≥2 prior systemic therapies. Since CAR T-cell therapy may benefit pts in earlier lines of therapy, we conducted ZUMA-7 (NCT03391466), a global, randomized, Phase 3 trial of axi-cel vs SOC in pts with 2L R/R LBCL, and report here the results of the primary analysis (PA).

Methods

• Eligible pts were ≥18 y with LBCL, ECOG PS 0–1, R/R disease ≤12 mo of adequate 1L CIT (including anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and an anthracycline), and intended to proceed to HDT-ASCT. Pts were randomized 1:1 to axi-cel or SOC, stratified by 1L Tx response and 2L age-adjusted IPI (sAAIPI).
• In the axi-cel arm, pts received a single infusion of 2×106 CAR T cells/kg after conditioning (3 d; cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2/day and fludarabine 30 mg/m2/day). Optional bridging Tx was limited to corticosteroids (CIT was not allowed).
• In the SOC arm, pts received 2–3 cycles of an investigator-selected, protocol defined, platinum-based CIT regimen; pts with partial response or complete response (CR) proceeded to HDT-ASCT. Disease assessments by PET-CT per Lugano Classification occurred at timepoints specified from randomization.
• Although there was no planned trial crossover between arms, pts not responding to SOC could receive CAR T-cell therapy off protocol.
• Axi-cel was hypothesized to result in a 50% improvement in event-free survival (EFS: time to earliest date of disease progression, death from any cause, or new lymphoma Tx) vs SOC. The PA was event-driven, and the primary endpoint was EFS by blinded central review. Key secondary endpoints, tested hierarchically, were objective response rate (ORR) and overall survival (OS; interim analysis); safety was also a secondary endpoint. Level of CAR T cells was an exploratory endpoint.

Results

• As of 3/18/21, 359 pts were enrolled globally. The median age was 59 y (range, 21–81; 30% ≥65 y). Overall, 74% of pts had primary refractory disease and 46% had high sAAIPI (2–3). Of 180 pts randomized to axi-cel, 170 (94%) were infused; of 179 pts randomized to SOC, 64 (36%) reached HDT-ASCT after 2L CIT.
• The primary endpoint of EFS was met (HR: 0.398; P<.0001). At 24.9 mo median follow-up, median EFS was significantly longer with axi-cel vs SOC (8.3 mo [95% CI: 4.5–15.8] vs 2 mo [95% CI: 1.6–2.8], respectively), and Kaplan-Meier estimates of the 24-mo EFS rates were significantly higher with axi-cel (41% vs 16%). Among randomized pts, ORR and CR rates were higher with axi-cel vs SOC (ORR: 83% vs 50%, odds ratio: 5.31 [95% CI: 3.1–8.9; P<.0001]; CR: 65% vs 32%). Median OS, evaluated as a preplanned interim analysis, favored axi-cel vs SOC, although it did not meet statistical significance (not reached vs 35.1 mo, respectively; HR: 0.730; P=.027).
• In the SOC arm, 100 (56%) received commercially available or investigational CAR T‑cell therapy off protocol as subsequent Tx. Grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 155 (91%) and 140 (83%) pts, and Tx-related deaths occurred in 1 and 2 pts in the axi-cel and SOC arms, respectively.
• In pts treated with axi-cel, grade ≥3 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurred in 11 (6%) pts (median time to onset 3 d; median duration 7 d) and grade ≥3 neurologic events (NEs) occurred in 36 (21%) pts (median time to onset 7 d; median duration 8.5 d). No grade 5 CRS or NEs occurred. Median peak CAR T-cell level was 25.8 cells/µL; median time to peak was 7 d after infusion.

Conclusions

• ZUMA-7, the first randomized, global, multicenter Phase 3 study of axi-cel vs 2L SOC in R/R LBCL, demonstrated a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in EFS. Axi-cel showed superiority over SOC with >4-fold greater median EFS, 2.5-fold greater EFS at 2 y, double the CR rate, and more than double the percentage of pts receiving definitive Tx. Safety of axi-cel was manageable and at least consistent with 3L axi-cel therapy. Axi-cel may replace CIT/HDT-ASCT as the SOC for 2L R/R LBCL.